Tools: DISTILLATION OF ESSENTIAL OIL BY CLEVENGER APPARATUS

Hydrodistillation using the Clevenger-type apparatus (A) Power regulator; (B) Heating mantle with round bottom flask containing water and aromatic leaves; (C) Clevenger-type apparatus which returns the hydrosol to the still and maintains the essential oil phase, but only for essential oils that are less dense than water and therefore float; (D) The condenser.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_distillation

1)

GETTING FRAGRANCE FROM PLANTS

A nice pdf guide, this is a keeper.
 Automatic download on link.
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https://www.researchgate.net/file.PostFileLoader.html?id=566407605e9d97b3248b4569&assetKey=AS%3A303603254792192%401449396064514



2)

What is the best temperature for Clevenger-type apparatus to extract essential oils?

I have copied the Q&A incase you do not have a ResearchGate,Net Account.

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• YOGESH CHANDRA TRIPATHI · 75.15 · Forest Research Institute Dehradun

  Hydrodistillation of aromatic plant materials in Clevenger apparatus gives essential oils. In this method, the material is completely immersed in water, which is boiled by applying heat by direct fire, steam jacket, closed steam jacket, closed steam coil or open steam coil. Hydrodistillation is performed under atmospheric pressure at the boiling temperature about 100 °C, The main characteristic of this process is that there is direct contact between boiling water and plant material. When the still is heated by direct fire, adequate precautions are necessary to prevent the charge from overheating. When a steam jacket or closed steam coil is used, there is less danger of overheating; with open steam coils this danger is avoided. But with open steam, care must be taken to prevent accumulation of condensed water within the still. Therefore, the still should be well insulated. The plant material in the still must be agitated as the water boils, otherwise agglomerations of dense material will settle on the bottom and become thermally degraded. Using the clevenger extractor, mainly mono and sesquiterpenes are extracted, diterpenes are less volatile and hence not very likely but traces may be obtained in the mixture.

  
  

  Jun 26, 2014 · 
  
• 
  Abohassan Farhang · 4.00 · University of Zanjan

  I can't take my answer from your answer, I know what is the celevenger...

  
  

  Jun 27, 2014 · 
  
• 
  YOGESH CHANDRA TRIPATHI · 75.15 · Forest Research Institute Dehradun

  While extracting essential oil by hydrodistillation using Clevenger apparatus, the water boils at 100°C that cause to ascend the vapour mixture (steam and extractible oil) and yield essential oil, but prolonged heating at high temperature may cause changes or decomposition in thermolabile compounds. To prevent this, as soon as the water starts boiling temperature of heating mantle should be brought down to 60oC. Strict control over the temperature is essential. This implies for all soft tissue plant materials including those mentioned by you.

  
  

  Jun 27, 2014 · 
  
• 
  Abohassan Farhang · 4.00 · University of Zanjan

  Thank you for your attention Doctor Tripathi, your answer is so useful.
  Sincerely yours.
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  https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_is_the_best_temperature_for_Clevenger-type_apparatus_to_extract_essential_oils
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• 3) Steam distillation extraction and chemical composition of essential oils of Toddalia asiatica L. and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.
  
  http://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2016/vol5issue2/PartB/5-1-40.pdf
  
  4) EXTRACTION METHODS OF NATURAL ESSENTIAL OILS
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  http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/extraction_methods_natural_essential_oil.pdf
• 5) A Contemporary Introduction to Essential Oils: Chemistry, Bioactivity and Prospects for Australian Agriculture
  
  https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/fb35/bbc1d75533c7fe3d992a55ad97a34c851e6a.pdf
• 6) DYI - Steam Distillation
  Looks like this could be easy. I am thinking of the low cost electric rice steamers or a slow cooker here.
  
  http://mamarosemary.com/blog/2013/07/26/how-to-make-a-hydrosol
  
  http://makezine.com/2008/10/11/diy-steam-distillation/

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